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       Pressure vessels are one of the special types of equipment related to public safety and are important devices in fields such as petrochemicals, energy equipment, and biomedicine. To improve the economy and safety of pressure vessels, China formulated the "Code for Design of Steel Petrochemical Pressure Vessels" in 1967, promulgated GB 150-1989 "Steel Pressure Vessels" in 1989, and revised it in 1998, using it as a supporting standard for pressure vessel regulations, stipulating the design, fabrication, inspection, and acceptance requirements for steel pressure vessels. The GB/T 150.1-150.4-2011 "Pressure Vessels" series standards were implemented on March 1, 2012, and have been in effect for more than ten years. During this period, TSG 21-2016 "Safety Technical Supervision Regulations for Fixed Pressure Vessels" was revised in 2016, with corresponding updates and revisions to the referenced materials, components, and non-destructive testing standards.

       In view of this, in accordance with GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for Standardization Work Part 1: Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents," the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Boilers and Pressure Vessels organized relevant units to revise and improve "Pressure Vessels" (GB/T 150.1-150.4-2011). The newly revised "Pressure Vessels" (GB/T 150.1-150.4-2024) retains the original volume structure, consisting of four parts, including general provisions, materials, design, manufacturing, inspection, and multiple other sections, but its content has been optimized and enhanced.

Part 1: General Requirements. The purpose is to provide the fundamental requirements for the construction of pressure vessels.

Part 2: Materials. The purpose is to provide the basic requirements for material selection for pressure vessels and the material data used in the design and manufacturing processes.

Part 3: Design. The purpose is to provide the design methods and technical requirements for pressure vessel design.

Part 4: Manufacturing, Inspection, and Acceptance. The purpose is to provide the requirements during the manufacturing process of pressure vessels, as well as the provisions for inspection and acceptance.

The revision principles of "Pressure Vessels" (GB/T 150.1-150.4-2024) this time are:

The principle of consistency between safety technical regulations and technical standards;

● Establish the basic standard principles of GB/T 150 pressure vessels;

● The principle of adopting mature scientific and technological achievements for standard technologies;

The principle of international alignment of standard technical indicators;

● Expand the principle of standard applicability;

The principle of maintaining the characteristics of Chinese standards;

● Principle of ease of revision;

● The principle of participation of all parties in the standard.

Main changes after the revision of GB/T 150.1:

GB/T 150.1 stipulates the general requirements for the materials, design, manufacture, inspection and acceptance of metal pressure vessels and is a harmonized standard for pressure vessel technical regulations.

Comprehensively coordinate standards with relevant regulations on pressure vessels.

2. Add the concept of failure mode in accordance with ISO 16528.

3. Increase the maximum design temperature and the minimum design temperature.

4. Allowable axial compressive stress of the cylinder.

5. Revise the overpressure relief device.

6. A new standard for medium classification has been introduced.

The main changes after the revision of GB/T 150.2

GB/T 150.2 stipulates the permitted grades and standards for steel pressure vessels, the application scope of steel, the allowable stress of steel, and the basic requirements for welding materials.

It is applicable to steel pressure vessels with a design temperature ranging from -269℃ to 800℃ and a design pressure not exceeding 35MPa.

2. According to the national standard naming rules for steel materials, carbon steel is changed to non-alloy steel.

3. The requirements for the impact absorption energy and side expansion value of austenitic stainless steel have been added, and the impact test regulations for austenitic stainless steel used in liquid hydrogen pressure vessels have been stipulated.

4. All standards, grades and technical requirements for steel plates, pipes, forgings, studs (including bolts) and nuts have been revised in accordance with the latest material standards.

5. The welding materials for the pressure-bearing components of pressure vessels shall comply with the provisions of NB/T47018.

Appendix B of GB/T 150.2-2024 stipulates the technical requirements for steel materials included in this document.

Main changes after the revision of GB/T 150.3:

1. General requirements for design have been added.

2. The buckling criterion for the internal pressure disc-shaped head has been modified.

3. The data of the external pressure cylinder and the external pressure spherical shell have been modified.

4. A verification method for preventing low-temperature brittle fracture of pressure vessels has been added.

5. Basic requirements for jacketed containers have been added (Appendix G).

Main changes after the revision of GB/T 150.4:

GB/T 150.4 is applicable to the manufacture, inspection and acceptance of carbon steel, low alloy steel or high alloy steel base in steel pressure vessels, as well as in composite plate pressure vessels, lined pressure vessels and pressure vessels with surfacing layers. The structural forms include single-layer welded pressure vessels, forged and welded pressure vessels, nested pressure vessels, multi-layer wrapped pressure vessels and steel strip cross-wound pressure vessels. The calculation method for the simultaneous action of internal pressure, axial external force and bending moment has been added.

1. The re-inspection of chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel plates is cancelled.

2. Supplement the relevant regulations on the use of flux-cored wires.

3. Add phased array ultrasonic testing methods and relevant regulations.

4. Add cold fitting and cold and hot fitting process methods.

5. Appendix C adds relevant regulations on materials, structure, assembly, wrapping, heat treatment and non-destructive testing for multi-layer wrapped pressure vessels.

6. Add Appendix E on the manufacture, inspection and acceptance of pressure vessels based on the verification design for preventing low-temperature brittle fracture.

GB/T 150 is one of the most important general technical standards for the construction methods of pressure vessels, which is used to regulate the relevant technical requirements for the design, manufacture, inspection and acceptance of pressure vessels constructed or used within the territory of China. The revision and implementation of the new version of "Pressure Vessels" (GB/T 150.1-150.4-2024) will have a profound impact on the pressure vessel industry, better adapting to the new demands of economic development for this standard and better promoting the high-quality development of pressure vessel products.

Reviewed by Liu Wei, Edited by Huang Zongying, Edited by Tian Jiajia